Оценка загрязнения тяжелыми металлами прибрежных вод полуострова Муравьева-Амурского с использованием водорослей-биоиндикаторов

Abstract

Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni were measured in brown (Sargassum miyabei Yendo, S. pallidum (Turner) C. Agardh) and green algae (Blidingia minima (Nägeli ex Kützing) Kylin, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, U. linza Linnaeus) sampled from the coastal waters off the city of Vladivostok, Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, Sea of Japan, in July 2017. The method of atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry was used to determine the trace metals concentrations in algae after the mineralization by nitric acid. Measuring of dissolved trace elements in seawater around the peninsula were also performed using ultrafiltration of water samples and CHCl₃-EDTA-Na- method. The degree of pollution in various parts of the coastal zone was assessed using the coefficient of metal contamination risk for algae (K_R), calculated as the ratio of the metal concentration in algae to the upper threshold level of the background concentrations of the element, and also using integral Trace Element Pollution Index (TEPI-threshold). TEPI-threshold was count using only K_R  ≥ 1. Coastal waters around the city of Vladivostok were slightly contaminated with heavy metals. TEPI-threshold was 2,4-2,8 at stations located to north and south from landfill of Vladivostok due to the pollution by Pb and Cu (2,7-12 K_R) as well as Zn, Fe, Mn and Ni. Algae from upper parts of Amur and Ussuri bays was enriched by Fe and Mn (TEPI-threshold = 1,7-3,0) caused by river discharge. Plants growing in the Bosfor Vostochniy Stright were also contaminated by Fe (3-10 K_R) as well as Mn, Cu, Zn and Ni (1-1,5 K_R) where the sources of pollution were port activities, shipping and bridge building, TEPI-threshold 1-1,5. The local zone of high degree of pollution, formed due to the drainage of rainwater from the reclaimed landfill in Vladivostok (TEPI-threshold = 16), is located off the eastern coast of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula. Fe and Cu were main pollutants at this station, K_R > 80, Pb, Mn, Zn and Ni – concominants. Concentrations of dissolved elements exceeded the background levels for seawater, pollution by Cu was high and equal to 3MPL.

Keywords: pollution, heavy metals, brown algae, green algae, Amur Bay, Ussuri Bay, Peter the Great Bay, Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, Sea of Japan