Species diversity of the epilithon diatoms of Donuzlav Gulf (Crimea, the Black Sea)
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Abstract
For the first time, original and literary data on the species composition, ecological and phytogeographic characteristics, seasonal dynamics and structural indicators of diatoms in 54 samples of the epilithon of Donuzlav Gulf of the Black Sea in 2018-2020 at depths from 0.1 to 1.5 m, at temperatures from 7.0 °C to 27.0 °C, salinity from 13.86 to 18.60 ‰ were summarized. According to our data, 75 taxa were found in the epilithon of Donuzlav Gulf, including 53 taxa on marine farms, of which 52 species were common. All species belong to Bacillariophyta phylum, 3 classes, 13 orders, 20 families and 38 genera. 59 taxa (29 genera) were found, noted for the first time of Gulf. 24 colonial species were identified and 10 year-round species: Achnanthes longipes, Berkeleya rutilans, Caloneis liber, Cocconeis scutellum, Cylindrotheca closterium, Grammatophora marina, Halamphora hyalina, Navicula perrhombus, Trachyneis aspera, Synedrosphenia crystallina and noted one potentially toxic species of Halamphora coffeiformis (C.A. Agardh) Levkov. The genera Navicula (8 species), Nitzschia (7), Licmophora (6) and Halamphora (4) were represented by the largest number. According to the seasons, the following were noted: 32 species in winter, 50 in spring, 42 in summer and 37 in autumn. The communities were dominated by benthic (88 %), marine (47 %), brackishwater-marine (39 %), β-mesosaprobic (53 %) – species-indicators of moderate organic pollution waters and cosmopolites (34 %). The maximum species richness of diatoms (S = 18), abundance (N = 254.0∙103 cells∙cm-2) and biomass (B = 1.15 mg∙cm-2) were in summer, the minimum (S = 9, N = 14.8∙103 cells∙cm-2 and B = 0.037 mg∙cm-2) in autumn.