Heavy metal concentrations in zooplankton of Sinop coasts of the Black Sea, Turkey
##plugins.themes.ibsscustom.article.main##
##plugins.themes.ibsscustom.article.details##
Abstract
Estimation of level contamination of marine ecosystems with heavy metals is important task in the field of MSFD. Total zooplankton samples were collected using a standard zooplankton net (mesh size = 112 µm, mouth diameter = 50 cm) from Sinop coast of the Black Sea, Turkey in 2011 and 2012. Concentrations of Al, As, Cu, Zn, Hg, Fe, Cd and Pb were determined in the total zooplankton samples. The average concentration of heavy metals followed order: Fe > Al > Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. Of all the heavy metals estimated Hg was below the detection limit in all the samples. Fe was the most common heavy metal in total zooplankton samples present in all, Al was the other heavy metal commonly present in the samples. Pb showed high value (210 mg·kg-1) in total zooplankton. Similar to Pb, a high average concentration of As (40 mg·kg-1) was observed in total zooplankton. Cd was 1.1 mg·kg-1.
Authors
References
Altaş L., Büyükgüngör H. Heavy metal pollution in the Black Sea shore and offshore of Turkey. Environmental Geology, 2007, vol. 52, iss. 3, pp. 469–476.
Appeltans W., Bouchet P., Boxshall G. A., Fauchald K., Gordon D., Hoeksema B. W., Poore G. C. B., Van Soest R. W. M., Stöhr S., Walter T. C., Costello M. J. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Available at http://www.marinespecies.org. [accessed 2014.06.24].
Avsar D. The biology and population dynamical parameters of the sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus Risso) on the southern coast of the Black Sea. PhD Thesis. Ankara, Turkey: IMS-Middle East Technical University, 1993, 240 p.
Bakan G., Büyükgüngör H. The Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2000, vol. 41, iss. 1–6, pp. 24–43.
Bakan G., Özkoç H. B., Büyükgüngör H., Ergun O. N., Onar N. Evaluation of the Black Sea Land based sources inventory results of the coastal region of Turkey. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on MED & Black Sea ICZM (1996, Nov. 2–5). Sarigerme, Turkey, 1996, pp. 39–52.
Baştürk Ö., Yakushev E., Tuğrul S., Salihoğlu I. Characteristic chemical features and biogeochemical cycles in the Black Sea. In: Environmental Degradation of the Black Sea. Challenges and Remedies. Besiktepe S. T., Unluata U., Bologa A. S. (Eds). Springer, Netherlands, 1999, pp. 43–59. (NATO Series Security. Series 2. Environment Security; vol. 56).
Bat L., Kideyş A., Oguz T., Besiktepe S., Yardim Ö., Gündogdu A., Üstün F., Satilmiş H. H., Sahin F., Birinci-Özdemir Z., Zoral T. Monitoring of basic pelagic ecosystem parameters in the central Black Sea. 2005. Project number: DPT. 2002K120500 (TAP-S013). (in Turkish).
Bat L., Gündoğdu A., Yardim Ö., Zoral T., Culha S. Heavy metal amounts in zooplankton and some commercial teleost fish from inner harbour of Sinop, Black Sea. Su Ürünleri Mühendisleri Dernegi Dergisi, 2006, iss. 25, pp. 22–27. (in Turkish).
Bat L., Gökkurt O., Sezgin M., Üstün F., Sahin F. Evaluation of the Black Sea land based sources of pollution the coastal region of Turkey. The Open Marine Biology Journal, 2009, vol. 3, pp. 112–124.
Bat L., Sezgin M., Satilmis H. H., Sahin F., Üstün F., Birinci-Özdemir Z., Gökkurt-Baki O. Biological diversity of the Turkish Black Sea coast. Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 2011, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 683–692. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v11_4_04.
Bat L., Gökkurt Baki O. Seasonal variations of sediment and water quality correlated to land-based pollution sources in the middle of the Black Sea coast, Turkey. International Journal of Marine Science, 2014, vol. 4, pp. 108–118.
Bat L., Özkan E. Y., Öztekin H. C. The contamination status of trace metals in Sinop coast of the Black Sea, Turkey. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015, vol. 13, iss. 1, pp. 1–10.
Bat L., Özkan E. Y. Heavy metal levels in sediment of the Turkish Black Sea coast. In: Bikarska I., Raykov V., Nikolov N. (Eds). Progressive Engineering Practices in Marine Resource Management. Hershey PA: Engineering Science Reference, [2015], chapter 13, pp. 399–419.
Beşiktepe S. Studies on some ecological aspects of copepods and chaetognaths in the southern Black Sea, with particular reference to Calanus euxinus. PhD Thesis. Ankara, Turkey: IMS-Middle East Technical University, 1998, 204 p.
Bradford-Grieve J. M., Markhaseva E. L., Rocha C. E. F., Abiahy B. Copepoda. In: D. Boltovskoy (Ed.). South Atlantic zooplankton. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 1999, pp. 869–1098.
Conway D. V. P., White R. G., Hugues-Dit-Ciles J., Gallienne C. P., Robins D. B. Guide to the coastal and surface zooplankton of the south-western Indian Ocean. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Occasional Publications, 2003, no. 15, 354 p.
Duman M., Duman S., Lyons T. W., Avci M., Izdar E., Demirkurt E. Geochemistry and sedimentology of shelf and upper slope sediments of the south-central Black Sea. Marine Geology, 2006, vol. 227, iss. 1–2, pp. 51–65.
Ferdous Z., Muktadir A. K. M. A review: Potentiality of zooplankton as bioindicator. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2009, vol. 6, iss. 10, pp. 1815–1819. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2009.18.15.1819.
Gama-Flores J. L., Sarma S. S. S., Nandini S. Effect of cadmium level and exposure time on the competition between zooplankton species Moina macrocopa (Cladocera) and Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera). Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 2006, vol. 41, iss. 6, pp. 1057–1070. doi: 10.1080/10934520600620287.
Hamanaka T., Tsujita T. Cadmium and zinc concentrations in zooplankton in the subarctic region of the North Pacific. Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan, 1981, vol. 37, iss. 4, pp. 160–172.
Harris R. P., Wiebe P. H., Lenz J., Skjoldal H. R., Huntley M. (Eds). ICES Zooplankton methodology manual. Bodmin; Cornwall: Academic Press, 2000, 684 p.
Ivanov L., Besiktepe S., Ozsoy E. The Black Sea cold intermediate layer. In: E. Ozsoy, A. Mikaelyan (Eds). Sensitivity to change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997, pp. 253–264. (NATO Asi Series 2, vol. 27).
Ivanov L., Beverton R. J. H. The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean. Part two: Black Sea. Etud. Rev. CGPM / Stud. Rev. GFCM, 1985.
Kontas A. Trace metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe) contamination in marine sediment and zooplankton samples from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2008, vol. 188, iss. 1, pp. 323–333. doi: 10.1007/s11270-007-9547-1.
Martin J. H. The possible transport of trace metals via moulted Copepod exoskeletons. Limnology & Oceanography, 1970, vol. 15, iss. 5, pp. 756–761. doi: 10.4319/lo.1970.15.5.0756.
Mee L. D. The Black Sea in crisis: A need for concerted international action. Ambio, 1992, vol. 21, iss. 4, pp. 278–286.
Michaels A. F., Flegal A. R. Lead in marine planktonic organisms and pelagic food webs. Limnology & Oceanography, 1990, vol. 35, iss. 2, pp. 287–295.
Nfon E., Cousins I. T., Järvinen O., Mukherjee A. B., Verta M., Broman D. Trophodynamics of mercury and other trace elements in a pelagic food chain from the Baltic Sea. Science of the Total Environment, 2009, vol. 407, iss. 24, pp. 6267–6274. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.032.
Oğuz T., Aubrey D. G., Latun V. S., Demirov E., Koveshnikov L., Sur H. I., Diaconu V., Beşiktepe S., Duman M., Limeburner R., Eremeev V. Mesoscale circulation and thermohaline structure of the Black Sea observed during HydroBlack'91. Deep Sea Research Part 1: Oceanographic Research Papers, 1994, vol. 41, iss. 4, pp. 603–628.
Özsoy E., Ünlüata Ü. Oceanography of the Black Sea: A review of some recent results. Earth-Science Reviews, 1990, vol. 42, iss. 4, pp. 231–272.
Pempkowiak J., Chiffoleau J.-F., Staniszewski A. The vertical and horizontal distribution of selected trace metals in the Baltic Sea of Poland. Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science, 2000, vol. 51, iss. 1, pp. 115–125.
Pempkowiak J., Walkusz-Miotk J., Bełdowski J., Walkusz W. Heavy metals in zooplankton from the Southern Baltic. Chemosphere, 2006, vol. 62, iss. 10, pp. 1697–1708. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.056.
Rejomon G., Balachandran K. K., Nair M., Joseph T. Trace metal concentrations in marine zooplankton from the western Bay of Bengal. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 2008, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 107–116.
Rejomon G., Balachandran K. K., Nair M., Joseph T., Dinesh Kumar P. K., Achuthankutty C. T., Nair K. K. C., Pillai N. G. K. Trace metal concentrations in zooplankton from the eastern Arabian Sea and western Bay of Bengal. Environmental Forensics, 2008, vol. 9, iss. 1, pp. 22–32. doi: 10.1080/15275920701506193.
Robin R. S., Muduli P. R., Vardhan K. V., Ganguly D., Abhilash K. R., Balasubramanian T. Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in the marine environment of Arabian Sea, along the southwest coast of India. American Journal of Chemistry, 2012, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 191–208. doi: 10.5923/j.chemistry.20120204.03.
Theodosi C., Stavrakakis S., Koulaki F., Stavrakaki I., Moncheva S., Papathanasiou E., Sanchez-Vidal A., Koçak M., Mihalopoulos N. The significance of atmospheric inputs of major and trace metals to the Black Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 2013, vol. 109–110, pp. 78–93.
Ünsal M., Doğan M., Atac Ü., Yemencioglu S., Akdogan S., Kayikçi Y., Aktas M. Determination of heavy metals in the marine organisms of economical importance in the central and eastern Black Sea. Report on 1991, Tarım ve Köyisleri Bakanligi Trabzon Su Ürünleri Arastirma Enstitüsü, 1992. Project No: DEBAG–18/G. (in Turkish).
Ünsal M., Bekiroglu Y., Akdogan S., Ataç Ü., Kayikçi Y., Alemdag N., Aktas M., Yıldırım C. Determination of heavy metals in some economically important marine organisms in southwestern Black Sea. 1993. TUBITAK Project No: DEBAG–80/G. (in Turkish).
Üstün F. The composition and seasonal distribution of zooplankton in the region of Sinop Cape of the Black Sea, Turkey, M. S. Thesis, OMÜ – Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey, 2005.
Zauke G. P., Schmalenbach I. Heavy metals in zooplankton and decapod crustaceans from the Barents Sea. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, vol. 359, iss. 1–3, pp. 283–294. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.002.