##plugins.themes.ibsscustom.article.main##

Puchkova T. V., Khapchaeva S. A., Zotov V. S., Lukyanov A. A., Solovchenko A. E. Marine and freshwater microalgae as a sustainable source of cosmeceuticals. Marine Biological Journal, 2021, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 67-81. https://doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2021.06.1.06

##plugins.themes.ibsscustom.article.details##

Abstract

A prominent feature of stress-tolerant microalgae is their versatile metabolism, allowing them to synthesize a broad spectrum of molecules. In microalgae, they increase stress resilience of these organisms. In human body, they exhibit anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and sunscreen activities. This is not surprising, given that many of the stress-induced deleterious processes in human body and in photosynthetic cell are mediated by the same mechanisms: free-radical attacks and lipid peroxidation. It is also worth noting, that the photosynthetic machinery of microalgae is always at risk of oxidative damage since high redox potentials and reactive molecules are constantly generated during its functioning. These risks are kept at bay by efficient reactive oxygen species elimination systems including, inter alia, potent low-molecular antioxidants. Therefore, photosynthetic organisms are a rich source of bioactive substances with a great potential for curbing the negative effects of stresses, acting on human skin cells on a day-to-day basis. In many cases these compounds appear to be less toxic, less allergenic, and, in general, more “biocompatible” than most of their synthetic counterparts. The same algal metabolites are recognized as promising ingredients for innovative cosmetics and cosmeceutical formulations. Ever increasing efforts are being put into the search for new natural biologically active substances from microalgae. This trend is also fueled by the growing demand for natural raw materials for foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetology, associated with the global transition to a “greener” lifestyle. Although a dramatic diversity of cosmeceuticals was discovered in macrophyte algae, single-celled algae are on the same level or even surpass them in this regard. At the same time, a large-scale biotechnological production of microalgal biomass, enriched with the cosmeceutical compounds, is more technically feasible and economically viable than that of macrophyte biomass. The autotrophic cultivation of microalgae is generally simpler and often cheaper than that of heterotrophic microorganisms. Cultivation in bioreactors makes it possible to obtain more standardized raw biomass, quality of which is less dependent on seasonal factors. Microalgae biotechnology opens many possibilities to the “green” cosmeceutical production. However, a significant part of microalgae chemo- and biodiversity remains so far untapped. Consequently, bioprospecting and biochemical characterization of new algal species and strains, especially those isolated from habitats with harsh environmental conditions, is a major avenue for further research and development. Equally important is the development of approaches to cost-effective microalgae cultivation, as well as induction, extraction, and purification of cosmeceutical metabolites. World scientific community is rapidly accumulating extensive information on the chemistry and diverse effects of microalgae substances and metabolites; many substances of microalgal origin are extensively used in the cosmetic industry. However, the list of extracts and individual chemicals, isolated from them and thoroughly tested for safety and effectiveness, is not yet very large. Although excellent reviews of individual microalgal cosmeceutical groups exist, here we covered all the most important classes of such compounds of cosmeceutical relevance, linking the patterns of their composition and accumulation with the relevant aspects of microalgae biology.

Authors

T. V. Puchkova

senior researcher, PhD

https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?id=636495

S. A. Khapchaeva

junior researcher, PhD

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-8399

https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?id=823477

V. S. Zotov

senior researcher, PhD

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-2815

https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?id=991854

A. A. Lukyanov

researcher, PhD

https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?id=136556

A. E. Solovchenko

professor, D. Sc.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-8511

https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?id=112548

References

Algal Green Chemistry: Recent Progress in Biotechnology / R. P. Rastogi, D. Madamwar, A. Pandey (Eds). Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2017, 336 p.

Arad S., van Moppes D. Novel sulfated polysaccharides of red microalgae: Basics and applications. In: Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology. 2nd ed. / A. Richmond, Q. Hu (Eds). Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, chap. 21, pp. 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch21

Barbosa A. J., Roque A. C. Free marine natural products databases for biotechnology and bioengineering. Biotechnology Journal, 2019, vol. 14, iss. 11, art. no. 1800607 (8 p.). https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201800607

Black H. S., Boehm F., Edge R., Truscott T. G. The benefits and risks of certain dietary carotenoids that exhibit both anti- and pro-oxidative mechanisms – A comprehensive review. Antioxidants, 2020, vol. 9, iss. 3, art. no. 264 (31 p.). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030264

Boer L. Biotechnological production of colorants. In: Biotechnology of Food and Feed Additives / H. Zorn, P. Czermak (Eds). Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2013, pp. 51–89. (Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 2014, vol. 143). https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2013_241

Borowitzka M. A. Commercial production of microalgae: Ponds, tanks, and fermenters. Journal of Biotechnology, 1999, vol. 70, iss. 1–3, pp. 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00083-8

Borowitzka M. A. High-value products from microalgae – Their development and commercialisation. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2013, vol. 25, pp. 743–756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-9983-9

Borowitzka M. A., Vonshak A. Scaling up microalgal cultures to commercial scale. European Journal of Phycology, 2017, vol. 52, iss. 4, pp. 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2017.1365177

Boussiba S. Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: Cellular physiology and stress response. Physiologia Plantarum, 2000, vol. 108, iss. 2, pp. 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108002111.x

Brenner M., Hearing V. J. The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2008, vol. 84, iss. 3, pp. 539–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x

Carlsson A., Van Beilen J., Möller R., Clayton D. Micro- and macro-algae: Utility for industrial applications : outputs from the EPOBIO project / D. Bowles (Ed.) ; CNAP, University of York. Newbury, UK : CPL Press, , 82 p. https://www.etipbioenergy.eu/images/epobio_aquatic_report.pdf

Chekanov K., Lukyanov A., Boussiba S., Aflalo C., Solovchenko A. Modulation of photosynthetic activity and photoprotection in Haematococcus pluvialis cells during their conversion into haematocysts and back. Photosynthesis Research, 2016, vol. 128, pp. 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-016-0246-x

Chubchikova I., Drobetskaya I., Minyuk G., Dantsyuk N., Chelebieva E. Screening of green microalgae as potential source of nature ketocarotenoids. 2. Features of growth and secondary carotenogenesis in the representatives of the genus Bracteacoccus (Chlorophyceae). Morskoj ekologicheskij zhurnal, 2011, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 91–97.

Coates R. C., Trentacoste E., Gerwick W. H. Bioactive and novel chemicals from microalgae. In: Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, 2nd ed. / A. Richmond, Q. Hu (Eds). Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, chap. 26, pp. 504–531. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch26

Cohen Z. [Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the microalga] Porphyridium cruentum. In: Production of Chemicals by Microalgae / Z. Cohen (Ed.). Boca Raton ; London ; New York : CRC Press, 1999, pp. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295306

Cohen Z., Khozin-Goldberg I. Searching for polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich photosynthetic microalgae. In: Single Cell Oils. Microbial and Algal Oils. 2nd ed. / Z. Cohen, C. Ratledge (Eds). Urbana, IL : AOCS Press, 2010, pt. 3, chap. 10, pp. 201–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-893997-73-8.50014-1

Cornish M. L., Garbary D. J. Antioxidants from macroalgae: Potential applications in human health and nutrition. Algae, 2010, vol. 25, iss. 4, pp. 155–171. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2010.25.4.155

Couteau C., Coiffard L. Microalgal application in cosmetics. In: Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention / I. A. Levine, J. Fleurence (Eds). London : Academic Press, 2018, chap. 15, pp. 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00015-3

Davidi L., Levin Y., Ben-Dor S., Pick U. Proteome analysis of cytoplasmatic and of plastidic β-carotene lipid droplets in Dunaliella bardawil. Plant Physiology, 2015, vol. 167, iss. 1, pp. 60–79. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.248450

de la Coba F., Aguilera J., De Galvez M., Alvarez M., Gallego E., Figueroa F., Herrera E. Prevention of the ultraviolet effects on clinical and histopathological changes, as well as the heat shock protein-70 expression in mouse skin by topical application of algal UV-absorbing compounds. Journal of Dermatological Science, 2009, vol. 55, iss. 3, pp. 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.06.004

Dufossé L., Galaup P., Yaron A., Arad S. M., Blanc P., Murthy K. N. C., Ravishankar G. A. Microorganisms and microalgae as sources of pigments for food use: A scientific oddity or an industrial reality? Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2005, vol. 16, iss. 9, pp. 389–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.02.006

Eom S.-H., Kim S.-K. Cosmeceutical applications from marine organisms. In: Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Practice / P. K. Farris (Ed.). Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013, pp. 200–208.

Fox J. M., Zimba P. V. Minerals and trace elements in microalgae. In: Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention / I. A. Levine, J. Fleurence (Eds). London : Academic Press, 2018, pp. 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00008-6

Freitas S., Silva N. G., Sousa M. L., Ribeiro T., Rosa F., Leão P. N., Vasconcelos V., Reis M. A., Urbatzka R. Chlorophyll derivatives from marine cyanobacteria with lipid-reducing activities. Marine Drugs, 2019, vol. 17, iss. 4, art. no. 229 (18 p.). https://doi.org/10.3390/md17040229

García J. L., de Vicente M., Galán B. Microalgae, old sustainable food and fashion nutraceuticals. Microbial Biotechnology, 2017, vol. 10, iss. 5, pp. 1017–1024. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12800

Godlewska K., Dmytryk A., Tuhy Ł., Chojnacka K. Algae as source of food and nutraceuticals. In: Prospects and Challenges in Algal Biotechnology / B. Tripathi, D. Kumar (Eds). Singapore : Springer, 2017, pp. 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1950-0_10

Goiris K., Muylaert K., Fraeye I., Foubert I., De Brabanter J., De Cooman L. Antioxidant potential of microalgae in relation to their phenolic and carotenoid content. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2012, vol. 24, pp. 1477–1486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9804-6

Gong M., Bassi A. Carotenoids from microalgae: A review of recent developments. Biotechnology Advances, 2016, vol. 34, iss. 8, pp. 1396–1412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.005

Gröniger A., Sinha R., Klisch M., Häder D. Photoprotective compounds in cyanobacteria, phytoplankton and macroalgae – A database. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology, 2000, vol. 58, iss. 2–3, pp. 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(00)00112-3

Han D., Li Y., Hu Q. Astaxanthin in microalgae: Pathways, functions and biotechnological implications. Algae, 2013, vol. 28, iss. 2, pp. 131–147. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2013.28.2.131

Hussein G., Sankawa U., Goto H., Matsumoto K., Watanabe H. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid with potential in human health and nutrition. Journal of Natural Products, 2006, vol. 69, iss. 3, pp. 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1021/np050354+

Ishihara K., Watanabe R., Uchida H., Suzuki T., Yamashita M., Takenaka H., Nazifi E., Matsugo S., Yamaba M., Sakamoto T. Novel glycosylated mycosporine-like amino acid, 13-O-(β-galactosyl)-porphyra-334, from the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaericum – protective activity on human keratinocytes from UV light. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2017, vol. 172, pp. 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.019

Julius M. L. Carbohydrate diversity in microalgae: A phylogenetically arranged presentation. In: Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention / I. A. Levine, J. Fleurence (Eds). London : Academic Press, 2018, pp. 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00006-2

Khozin-Goldberg I., Iskandarov U., Cohen Z. LC-PUFA from photosynthetic microalgae: Occurrence, biosynthesis, and prospects in biotechnology. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011, vol. 91, iss. 4, pp. 905–915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3441-x

Kijjoa A., Sawangwong P. Drugs and cosmetics from the sea. Marine Drugs, 2004, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 73–82. https://doi.org/10.3390/md202073

Lamers P. P., van de Laak C. C. W., Kaasenbrood P. S., Lorier J., Janssen M., De Vos R. C. H., Bino R. J., Wijffels R. H. Carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism in light-stressed Dunaliella salina. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2010, vol. 106, iss. 4, pp. 638–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/Bit.22725

Lee J.-C., Hou M.-F., Huang H.-W., Chang F.-R., Yeh C.-C., Tang J.-Y., Chang H.-W. Marine algal natural products with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Cancer Cell International, 2013, vol. 13, art. no. 55 (7 p.). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2867-13-55

Levine I. A. Algae: A way of life and health. In: Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention / I. A. Levine, J. Fleurence (Eds). London : Academic Press, 2018, chap. 1, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00001-3

Li J., Zhu D., Niu J., Shen S., Wang G. An economic assessment of astaxanthin production by large scale cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis. Biotechnology Advances, 2011, vol. 29, iss. 6, pp. 568–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.04.001

Marine Cosmeceuticals: Trends and Prospects / S.-K. Kim (Ed). Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2011, 432 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10120

Marine Macro- and Microalgae : An Overview / F. X. Malcata, I. S. Pinto, A. C. Guedes (Eds). Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2018, 342 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315119441

Masojídek J., Torzillo G., Koblížek M. Photosynthesis in microalgae. In: Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, 2nd ed. / A. Richmond, Q. Hu (Eds). Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, chap. 2, pp. 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch2

Mimouni V., Couzinet-Mossion A., Ulmann L., Wielgosz-Collin G. Lipids from microalgae. In: Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention / I. A. Levine, J. Fleurence (Eds). London : Academic Press, 2018, pp. 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00005-0

Morançais M., Mouget J.-L., Dumay J. Proteins and pigments. In: Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention / I. A. Levine, J. Fleurence (Eds). London : Academic Press, 2018, pp. 145–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00007-4

Mu N., Mehar J. G., Mudliar S. N., Shekh A. Y. Recent advances in microalgal bioactives for food, feed, and healthcare products: Commercial potential, market space, and sustainability. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2019, vol. 18, iss. 6, pp. 1882–1897. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12500

Mulders K. J. M., Lamers P. P., Martens D. E., Wijffels R. H. Phototrophic pigment production with microalgae: Biological constraints and opportunities. Journal of Phycology, 2014, vol. 50, iss. 2, pp. 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12173

Naguib Y. Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 2000, vol. 48, iss. 4, pp. 1150–1154. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991106k

Novoveská L., Ross M. E., Stanley M. S., Pradelles R., Wasiolek V., Sassi J. F. Microalgal carotenoids: A review of production, current markets, regulations, and future direction. Marine Drugs, 2019, vol. 17, iss. 11, art. no. 640 (21 p.). https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110640

Pulz O., Gross W. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2004, vol. 65, pp. 635–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x

Ryu J., Park S.-J., Kim I.-H., Choi Y. H., Nam T.-J. Protective effect of porphyra-334 on UVA-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2014, vol. 34, iss. 3, pp. 796–803. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1815

Schmid D., Schürch C., Zülli F. Mycosporine-like amino acids from red algae protect against premature skin-aging. Euro Cosmetics, 2006, vol. 9, pp. 1–4.

Scott R. Marine ingredients: Latest actives from the deep. Personal Care, 2015, vol. 4, pp. 43–44.

Shick J., Dunlap W. Mycosporine-like amino acids and related gadusols: Biosynthesis, accumulation, and UV-protective functions in aquatic organisms. Annual Review of Physiology, 2002, vol. 64, pp. 223–262. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.155802

Silva T. H., Alves A., Popa E. G., Reys L. L., Gomes M. E., Sousa R. A., Silva S. S., Mano J. F., Reis R. L. Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches. Biomatter, 2012, vol. 2, iss. 4, pp. 278–289. https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.22947

Solovchenko A. Photoprotection in Plants: Optical Screening-based Mechanisms. Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer, 2010, 167 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13887-4

Solovchenko A. Physiological role of neutral lipid accumulation in eukaryotic microalgae under stresses. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2012, vol. 59, pp. 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443712020161

Solovchenko A., Khozin-Goldberg I., Didi-Cohen S., Cohen Z., Merzlyak M. Effects of light intensity and nitrogen starvation on growth, total fatty acids and arachidonic acid in the green microalga Parietochloris incisa. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2008, vol. 20, pp. 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9233-0

Solovchenko A., Lukyanov A., Solovchenko O., Didi‐Cohen S., Boussiba S., Khozin‐Goldberg I. Interactive effects of salinity, high light, and nitrogen starvation on fatty acid and carotenoid profiles in Nannochloropsis oceanica CCALA 804. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2014, vol. 116, iss. 5, pp. 635–644. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201300456

Solovchenko A. E. Physiology and adaptive significance of secondary carotenogenesis in green microalgae. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2013, vol. 60, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443713010081

Spolaore P., Joannis-Cassan C., Duran E., Isambert A. Commercial applications of microalgae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2006, vol. 101, iss. 2, pp. 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.101.87

Suh S.-S., Hwang J., Park M., Seo H. H., Kim H.-S., Lee J. H., Moh S. H., Lee T.-K. Anti-inflammation activities of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in response to UV radiation suggest potential anti-skin aging activity. Marine Drugs, 2014, vol. 12, iss. 10, pp. 5174–5187. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12105174

Sun T., Yuan H., Cao H., Yazdani M., Tadmor Y., Li L. Carotenoid metabolism in plants: The role of plastids. Molecular Plant, 2018, vol. 11, iss. 1, pp. 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.010

Tanaka T., Shnimizu M., Moriwaki H. Cancer chemoprevention by carotenoids. Molecules, 2012, vol. 17, iss. 3, pp. 3202–3242. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17033202

Telfer A. What is β-carotene doing in the photosystem II reaction centre? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. Biological Sciences, 2002, vol. 357, iss. 1426, pp. 1431–1440. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1139

Thomas N. V., Kim S.-K. Beneficial effects of marine algal compounds in cosmeceuticals. Marine Drugs, 2013, vol. 11, iss. 1, pp. 146–164. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmd11010146

Torres A., Enk C. D., Hochberg M., Srebnik M. Porphyra-334, a potential natural source for UVA protective sunscreens. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2006, vol. 5, iss. 4, pp. 432–435. https://doi.org/10.1039/B517330M

Wada N., Sakamoto T., Matsugo S. Mycosporine-like amino acids and their derivatives as natural antioxidants. Antioxidants, 2015, vol. 4, iss. 3, pp. 603–646. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4030603

Ward O. P., Singh A. Omega-3/6 fatty acids: Alternative sources of production. Process Biochemistry, 2005, vol. 40, iss. 12, pp. 3627–3652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.02.020

Ye Z.-W., Jiang J.-G., Wu G.-H. Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in Dunaliella: Progresses and prospects. Biotechnology Advances, 2009, vol. 26, iss. 4, pp. 352–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.03.004

Zhekisheva M., Zarka A., Khozin-Goldberg I., Cohen Z., Boussiba S. Inhibition of astaxanthin synthesis under high irradiance does not abolish triacylglycerol accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 2005, vol. 41, iss. 4, pp. 819–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.2005.05015.x

Zittelli G., Biondi N., Rodolfi L., Tredici M. Photobioreactors for mass production of microalgae. In: Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology. 2nd ed. / A. Richmond, Q. Hu (Eds). Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, chap. 13, pp. 225–266. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch13

Funding

This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant No. RFMEFI60419X0213).

Statistics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.