Cultural study of micromycetes from deep-sea bottom sediments of the Adriatic Sea
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Abstract
For the first time, taxonomic composition of fungi and features of structure of their complexes were identified for horizons down to 30 cm below the water–bottom boundary in deep-sea bottom sediments of the Adriatic Sea. A 0–30-cm core of bottom sediments was sampled on 18.10.2007 from aboard the RV “Palagruža” (Croatia) with a column sampler of a QUEST 4000 remotely operated vehicle at a 1,020-m depth (41°43′13″N, 17°34′19″E). The sample of gray silt was cut into 30 sections, each 1 cm thick. Fungi were isolated on Czapek agar and Sabouraud agar, two replicates on each medium, under aerobic conditions, at +18 °C, with chloramphenicol 3% alcohol solution added (1 mL per 1 L of a medium). Abundance of fungal colony-forming units (CFU) was calculated per 1 g of dry sediment. Sixteen taxa were found; 12 were identified down to the species level, and 4, to the genus level. The taxa were assigned to 13 genera, 8 families, 7 orders, and 5 classes of the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota; sterile mycelium was identified as well. Fungi were not recorded in a horizon of 0–1 cm. Maximum abundance of fungi was 4,300 CFU·g−1 dry sediment (a horizon of 6–7 cm). Maximum number of taxa, 6, was revealed for a horizon of 14–15 cm. In the sample studied, 87.5% of fungal species belonged to Ascomycota. Based on literature data, we compiled a list of fungal species known for various sediment horizons of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans and the Black Sea. This list was used to calculate two indices, Δ+ (average taxonomic distinctness index, AvTD) and Λ+ (variation in taxonomic distinctness index, VarTD), and to plot graphs. The analysis showed the similarity of mycobiota structure of the water basins as evidenced by values of the indices within the 95% confidence interval. Close values of the indices are due to the prevalence of fungal species representing the classes Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Saccharomycetes; those account for 73.13% (the Indian Ocean) to 87.50% (the Black and Adriatic seas) of the species composition.
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