Benthic diatoms (Bacillariophyta): Diversity and hierarchical structure of taxocenes on soft bottom off the Kruglaya Bay (the Black Sea, Crimea)
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Abstract
The Kruglaya Bay (or the Omega Bay) holds high recreational value due to its sheltered location within the Sevastopol region, extensive beach area, and shallow waters with the soft bottom. These features necessitate monitoring of marine biota state. This work was aimed at determining the species richness and hierarchical structure of benthic diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in the Kruglaya Bay insufficiently studied before and at comparing them with coastal biotopes off the Crimea being under various anthropogenic load. Based on results of a benthic survey in 2004, we studied the species richness of Bacillariophyta off the Omega Bay and analyzed the taxonomic diversity applying floristic and formalized methods and using taxonomic distinctness indices: TaxDI (AvTD and VarTD). In total, 264 species and intraspecific taxa of benthic diatoms were identified: 256 species, 73 genera, 35 families, 21 orders, and 3 classes. We found 70 species and 5 genera previously recorded by us as new to the Bacillariophyta flora of the northern Black Sea shelf, along with 5 species of diatoms previously described by us as new to science. The greatest species similarity was revealed both between habitats with the lowest anthropogenic load (the Omega Bay – the Dvuyakornaya Bay and the Omega Bay – the Laspi Bay) and between heavily polluted water areas (the Sevastopol Bay – the Karantinnaya Bay and the Sevastopol Bay – the Balaklava Bay) regardless of their geographical proximity and differences in hydrological and hydrophysical conditions. Bacillariophyta taxocenes from heavily polluted sites feature low species richness and high proportion of mono- and oligospecies branches due to reduction of low pollution–sensitive taxa. AvTD values exceeded the average expected level for the Black Sea Bacillariophyta flora. In conditionally clean waters, diatom taxocenes exhibited high species richness, numerous polyspecies branches, and a low proportion of mono- and oligospecies branches aggregating at different levels of a hierarchical tree. AvTD values are below the average expected level for the Black Sea diatom flora. Features of diatom taxocene structure from the compared sites are mediated by a taxa-specific response to combined environmental stressors. Using TaxDI when analyzing Bacillariophyta taxonomic diversity allows for statistically reliable assessment of marine coastal waters under different pollution regimes.
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References
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