The effect of temperature on the growth of two species of Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo (Bacillariophyta) in laboratory cultures isolated from the Sea of Japan
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Abstract
Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo, 1900, known as producers of the neurotoxic domoic acid, regularly cause algal blooms in the Russian Far Eastern seas. Temperature is an important factor affecting diatom blooms; however, its effect on the growth of this group of microalgae from the Sea of Japan has not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, growth characteristics of two diatom species were investigated in laboratory culture within the temperature range of +5 to +20 °C. The test involved direct counting in a Nageotte chamber. Cell density, growth rates, and generation time were evaluated. As found, the maximum average density of P. fraudulenta reached 2.2 × 105 cells·L−1 on the 16th day of the experiment at +18 °C. For this species, at +18 °C, the growth rate (0.11–0.16 div.·day−1) remained relatively high, and the generation time (4.4–6.7 days) was relatively low for most of the test. The maximum mean density of P. hasleana, 5 × 105 cells·L−1, was recorded on the 16th day of the experiment at +17 °C. For this species, high growth rate (0.2–0.92 div.·day−1) and low generation time (0.8–3.6 days) were recorded at +17 °C from the 2nd to the 10th day of the test. The average densities of P. fraudulenta and P. hasleana were statistically significantly higher at +17 °C and +18 °C, respectively, than at the other temperatures studied (Tukey’s test, p < 0.05). As recorded, when P. fraudulenta clones were grown at +10, +16, and +18 °C, and when P. hasleana clones were cultured at +14, +17, and +20 °C, their cells remained viable and continued to divide. When the cultivation temperature for P. fraudulenta and P. hasleana was lowered to +5 and +7 °C, respectively, division slowed down dramatically, and cell density was statistically significantly lower than at higher temperatures (Tukey’s test, p < 0.05). Ranges of tolerant temperature during P. fraudulenta and P. hasleana cultivation were found to be within +10…+18 °C and +14…+17 °C, respectively. The revealed lower temperature tolerance limits for the two species during cultivation (+10 and +14 °C) corresponded to water temperatures under which P. fraudulenta and P. hasleana blooms were observed in the natural environment (+6…+16 and +10…+16 °C, respectively). The study demonstrated the broad adaptive potential of the investigated species to temperature changes.
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References
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