Factors affecting C-phycocyanin concentration in cells of Limnospira platensis (Gomont) K. R. S. Santos & Hentschke (Spirulina) at different storage periods in dehydrated state
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Limnospira platensis (Gomont) K. R. S. Santos & Hentschke, 1973 (Spirulina) has a high nutritional value: it contains up to 70% of protein, as well as carotenoids, B vitamins, vitamin E, and other nutrients and minerals. Optimal storage of cyanobacteria is achieved by drying, and in this form, the biomass preserves its useful properties for a long time. Moreover, cells remain viable when entering the state of anhydrobiosis, and this is crucial for preserving the biodiversity of cyanoprokaryotes and microalgae in storages. Among the biochemical components of L. platensis, the pigment C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is of particular interest: it has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and cancer-preventing properties, and it is a component of photosynthetic pigment complexes of cyanobacteria. The aim of this work was to determine C-PC content in L. platensis samples preserved in the state of anhydrobiosis within 1–19 years and to reveal the key factors affecting the decrease in its concentration. To analyze L. platensis biomass, standard methods (biochemical and optical ones) were used, and also microscopic technique was applied to control associated microflora. The maximum amount of C-PC was obtained at a temperature of +30 °C (5.6 and 3.4% for the 2nd and 12th years of storage, respectively). Dehydration at higher temperatures, +50 and +60 °C, led to a drop in pigment content (1.9 and 0.54% for the 2nd and 12th years of storage, respectively). No clear correlation between the level of C-PC concentration and residual moisture was revealed; however, in 23% of samples at high dehydration temperatures, increased residual moisture was recorded (12–16%). Storage for 19 years, in contrast to storage for 2 years, was characterized by the dominance of destroyed trichomes and the abundant development of associated bacteria. A decrease in C-PC concentration in the samples and a decline in variability of the indicator with increasing storage period were noted. Apparently, storage period, along with temperature and residual moisture, affected the drop in the pigment concentration. Probably, C-PC content can be considered as an indicator of L. platensis cell viability. When transferring cyanobacteria to the state of anhydrobiosis, it is most reasonable to carry out dehydration at a temperature of +30 °C and store samples at a residual moisture of 9–11% (for no more than 2 years). The results may be useful for preserving biodiversity and obtaining C-PC-rich biomass in anhydrobiotic collections of algae and cyanobacteria.
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