Production characteristics of a culture of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Lewin in a two-stage chemostat
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Abstract
The advantages and disadvantages of flow and batch microalgae cultivation are discussed. The benefits of the flow cultivation are indicated, in particular in a quasi-continuous mode in a two-stage chemostat. It is proposed to use the culture of the benthic diatom Cylindrotheca closterium as a producer of valuable substances since this species has several useful properties of both biological and technological nature. Specifically: 1) C. closterium is characterized by relatively high production rates; 2) it efficiently utilizes light energy which removes restrictions on the location of production in areas with a small number of sunny days per year; 3) it has a rather low temperature optimum for growth which is significant for the implementation of industrial technologies in Russian Federation; and 4) it has the specific density of cells of more than one, therefore, cells quickly enough sink to the photobioreactor bottom in the absence of the culture aeration (this simplifies the separation of biomass from the culture medium and reduces its cost). The aim of this work is to analyze the production characteristics of the quasi-continuous C. closterium culture in the two-stage chemostat. The studies were carried out at a temperature of (20 ± 1) °C and irradiation of 150 μmol quanta·m−2·s−1. The chemostat for C. closterium cultivation consisted of two glass 3-L photobioreactors of the plane-parallel type, each having a working thickness of 5 cm and a working surface of 0.03 m². The cultivation was carried out on the nutrient medium RS with a constant aeration (the speed was of 1.5 L of air per 1 L of culture per min). The culture was examined at different dilution rates of the nutrient medium: ; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7; and 0.9 day−1. The growth parameters of the batch culture were calculated: the specific growth rate μн = 0.7 day−1; the time for doubling the biomass td = 0.987 days. The maximum productivity of a one- and two-stage chemostat was registered at the optimal dilution rate of 0.59 day−1; the values were 1.348 and 1.498 g·L−1·day−1, respectively. As found experimentally, C. closterium productivity in the flow culture is 2.2 times higher than in the batch culture. The experimental data were used to calculate the maximum specific growth rate μm and the saturation constant KS with limiting C. closterium growth by silicon; the values were 1.05 day−1 and 0.028 g·L−1, respectively. It was shown that the observed need for silicon in the flow culture (Yпр = 35 mg·g−1) is lower by 7.9% than in the batch culture (Yн = 38 mg·g−1). For the diatom C. closterium, μm, KS, and Yпр are important physiological characteristics; those play the key role in the design of industrial systems for intensive microalgae cultivation.
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References
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