Distribution of polychaetes of the family Spionidae (Annelida) on the shelf of the northwestern part of the Black Sea
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Abstract
The northwestern part of the Black Sea (NWBS) is a vast shallow water area, biocenoses of which are an important component of the Black Sea ecosystem. Since the benthos of this region has not been studied in recent decades, data on its current state are relevant. A significant contribution to the taxonomic composition of macrozoobenthos is made by polychaetes of the family Spionidae, which are represented by a large number of species and are characterized by high abundance rates. The aim of the research is to study the species composition, distribution, and quantitative representation of polychaetes of the family Spionidae in the NWBS at depths of more than 10–15 m. The material used was macrozoobenthos sampled from 160 stations (230 samples) during research cruises of the RV “Maria S. Merian” and the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky” in 2010–2017 at depths from 10 to 137 m. Bottom sediments were sampled with an Ocean-25 bottom grab (capture area of 0.25 m²) and a box corer (S = 0.1 m²). Bottom sediments were washed through sieves with the smallest mesh diameter of 1 mm. On the surveyed shelf area of the NWBS, 83 Polychaeta species were found, including 12 Spionidae species. Polychaetes were recorded at all the stations performed, while spionids were noted at 66% of their total number. At single stations, up to 6 Spionidae species were registered, but more often, there were 2–3 species. In total, 11 species were identified: Aonides paucibranchiata Southern, 1914, Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883), Microspio mecznikowiana (Claparède, 1869), Prionospio cf. cirrifera Wirén, 1883, Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802, Pygospio elegans Claparède, 1863, Scolelepis tridentata (Southern, 1914), Scolelepis (Scolelepis) cantabra (Rioja, 1918), Spio decorata Bobretzky, 1871, Laonice cf. cirrata (M. Sars, 1851), and Marenzelleria neglecta Sikorski & Bick, 2004. Non-identified specimens of the genus Prionospio were registered as well. Spionidae distribution in the water area of the NWBS is uneven, which is due to the response of certain species to various environmental factors. The maximum density of spionids was 2,984 ind.·m−2, and the average density was (477 ± 126) ind.·m−2. The highest density of Spionidae was observed in the depth range of 20–40 m. In terms of density, P. cf. cirrifera, A. paucibranchiata, and D. quadrilobata predominated. Out of identified species, three (M. neglecta, P. cornuta, and D. quadrilobata) are non-native for the Black Sea. In the taxonomic composition of Polychaeta of the NWBS, Spionidae accounted for 14%, while in the quantitative representation, their contribution reached 42% of the total density of polychaetes. This indicates a significant role of this family in the functioning of the benthic ecosystem of the NWBS.
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References
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