The element contents in soft tissues and shells of the bivalve Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) from the Black Sea and Sea of Azov
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Abstract
In the ecosystems of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, the invasive bivalve mollusc Anadara kagoshimensis is a poorly studied species. This clam is a valuable object in fishery and mariculture. Currently, there is little information about the element contents in soft tissues and shells of the mollusc living in these two seas. The aim of this work is comparative analysis of the elemental composition of A. kagoshimensis from the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. The elemental analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The study presents data on the elemental contents in soft tissues and shells of this clam from the two seas. Noticeable differences in contents of elements were found between the sampling areas. These elements include: K, Rb, Cs, Ca, and Ba from the s-element family; the p-elements Al, Ga, Ge, P, As, Bi, and Br; the d-block elements Zn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Fe, Ir, and Au; and the f-block elements Pr and Nd. The elemental composition of A. kagoshimensis is determined not only by the composition of seawater, which contains mainly s-elements, but also by mollusc adaptation processes in which p- and d-elements are predominantly involved. In soft tissues of the clam from the Black Sea, concentrations of K, Rb, and Cs are significantly higher than in tissues of A. kagoshimensis from the Sea of Azov, while the concentration of K is one (the Sea of Azov) to two orders of magnitude (the Black Sea) higher in soft tissues than in shells. In shells of the clam inhabiting the Black Sea, Ca content is significantly higher, and these shells are stronger. Against the high calcium content, relatively low phosphorus content is noted in samples of soft tissues and shells from both seas. In soft tissues of A. kagoshimensis from the Black Sea, the contents of P, Al, Ga, Bi, and some heavy metals (Pb and Cd) are significantly higher. The contents of toxic elements in the mollusc from both seas do not exceed the maximum permissible levels. Zn and Mo are accumulated in soft tissues, and Fe is more concentrated in shells. In soft tissues of A. kagoshimensis from the Sea of Azov, Zn content is higher than in this clam from the Black Sea. Rare earth elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) are more concentrated in soft tissues of the mollusc from both seas than in shells, with Pr and Nd contents in specimens from the Sea of Azov being significantly higher than in those from the Black Sea. Anadara is capable of concentrating elements depending on their contents in the environment; therefore, the element accumulation in individuals of the same species is primarily a function of the biotope conditions.
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References
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