Влияние миметика ГАМК фенибута на активность оксидоредуктаз в компартментах мозга взрослых и неполовозрелых особей скорпены Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758
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Аннотация
Повышение уровня ГАМК служит выживанию нейронов при гипоксии/аноксии. В процессе онтогенеза ГАМК способна трансформировать свою медиаторную функцию от возбуждающей к тормозной. Изучали активность оксидоредуктаз (МДГ, 1.1.1.37; ЛДГ, 1.1.1.27; каталазы, 1.11.1.6) в отделах мозга — продолговатом мозге (MB) и переднем, промежуточном и среднем мозге (AB) — неполовозрелых и взрослых особей морского ерша Scorpaena porcus на фоне введения миметика ГАМК фенибута (400 мг·кг−1, i. p.). Структуры AB неполовозрелых особей скорпены характеризовались интенсивностью аэробного метаболизма, сопоставимой с таковой взрослых особей; в то же время в MB и AB молоди была отмечена более высокая активность ЛДГ, служащая, по-видимому, повышению выживаемости при низком PO2. В обеих возрастных группах показатели активности каталазы были несколько выше в MB, что может быть связано как с интенсивностью окислительного фосфорилирования, так и с устойчивостью к повреждению MB при гипоксии. При этом активность каталазы в мозге молоди (особенно AB) была несколько ниже показателей взрослых особей. Фенибут повышал активность МДГ и ЛДГ в компартментах мозга взрослых особей скорпены, что, вероятно, связано с активацией малат-аспартатного шунта, при противоположном тренде к ограничению анаэробного гликолиза в незрелом мозге, особо выраженном в AB (p < 0,05). Одновременно фенибут способствовал увеличению активности каталазы во всех компартментах мозга вне зависимости от возраста скорпены (p < 0,05); наибольшей величины активность каталазы достигала в MB взрослых особей (p < 0,05). Предполагается, что контролируемая каталазой продукция H2O2 переводит изменения в клеточном метаболизме в значимый физиологический ответ путём воздействия на H2O2-чувствительные ионные каналы, которые определяют возбудимость нейронов, и модулирует ГАМКергическую передачу сигналов. Такой механизм может быть задействован при созревании мозга, поддерживать устойчивость мозга к гипоксии и обеспечивать адаптационные процессы неполовозрелых и взрослых особей скорпены.
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